Liquid clarification



Sept. 17, 1940. N. BLUND I 2,215,185

LIQUID CLARIFICATION F'IG.2.

F|*G,.l.

l BY /ws-J 5. (//t/,

ATTORNEY.

FIC-5.4.

N. B. I UND 2,215,185

LIQUID CLARIFICATION 4 Sheets-Sheer?. 2

Filed Dec. 51, 1937 V u.) r:||||.. i:

E l l /vfv 5. aA/.0,

ATTORNEY.

N. B. LUND LIQUID CLARIFICATION sept 17,1940.

4 Sheets-Sheet 5 l* INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

'Sapi- 17, 1940. N. B. LUND LIQUID CLARIFICATION 4 sheets-sheet 4 Fi-lad Dec. 3l, 19.37

INVENTOR.

/Vf 5 5. awp mmm ATTORNEY.

" Patented Sept. -17, v1940 Nels B. Lund, Seaford, N. Y.;

exccutrlx of said Nels B. Lund,

Florence C. Lund,

deceased, as-

signor to The Don' Company, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application December 31, 1937, (Serial No. 182,901

8 Claims:

This invention relates to the clarification of liquids by removing therefrom iiocculatable `suspended solids or particles of turbidity. Such liqf uids include water, sewage, trade-wastes and the like that are organically polluted.

The polluted organic matter is suspended in the liquid. Most of it is settleable as sediment in the form of sludge, if the liquid be held in quiescence as in a sedimentation zone or clarifier. But4 a quantity of these suspended solids is so small as to be colloidal and therefore dimcult to settle. Flocculation has lately been resorted to ahead of sedimentation for Vcoagmenting or amassing suspended matter in flocs or fioc colonies Vand conditioning them as to denseness to make them more readily susceptible to settling in a classifier, along with the suspended solids that are normally settleable. By causing the fiocsto meander in the liquid, there is a tendency for the flocs to entrap and adsorb other fine solids that may escape direct fiocculating treatment.

The flocs thus formed are fragile and easily disintegrated so they must be treated gently, for if once disintegrated they` are difiicult of refiocculation. Therefore, it is important that the flac-ladened liquid be drifted or passed asunmolestedly as possible from the fiocculation zone' to the sedimentation zone.

Again, as a major part of these fiocs comprise organic matter that is putrescible and subject to becoming septic, bottom or floor sweeping must be provided in the sedimentation zone for continually raking or impelling the sediment or sludge to discharge said sediment or sludge resulting from thesedimentation of floc-ladened liquid. That is, care must be taken to avoid accumulations of organic solids if septicity conditions are to be avoided in the apparatus.

Such clarification is usualy carried out by subjecting the liquid to treatment in a flocculation zone and then in a. sedimentation zone, from which sediment is removed by one path and clarified supernatant liquid` is decanted by another path. Nowadays it is considered good practice to have these two zones disposed within the same general tank or basin.

A highly successful type of fiocculation zone is exemplified in the patent to Smith-No. 1,893,- 451; the patent to Darby-No. 2,081,851; and the patent to Fischer-No. 2,101,810, wherein there is Illustratively shown such a zone comprising a plurality of current-producing bladed assemblies movable in repetitive paths centering from an axis and adapted for `yielding integrated fiocs conditioned for settleability.

But in such a type of flocculation zone desirable to prevent accumulation of sett-led sludge or sediment of settled fiocculated material on the floor of the zone, such as tends to take place at times beneath and between the areas of paddle-induced agitation. The reason is that accumulations of such sediment have a tendency to become septic with the consequent upsetting of the iiocculation and clarification processes. accumulations is one object of this invention. This object is attained by providing sediment or sludge raking or impelling devices travelling or reaching beneath the movable flocculating bladed means for continually, but not necessarily conit is To prevent such undue or dangerous tinuously, removing sediment from the vicinity l thereof.

A further object of the invention is to pass while in submergence substantially all or a major part of sediment or sludge that has settled in a juxtaposed settler or sedimentation zone throughthe fiocculation zone, especially without the use of pipes and under conditions that the sludge or sediment while passing through the flocculation zone is fully exposed. to the flocculating forces current therein. y

'Another object of this invention is to devise.

an arrangement and design for such travelling y sediment-impelling devices that they are inexpensive to build and install while being dependable and eiilcient in operation.

, vSince in the flocculation of raw sewage, scum usually accumulates in floating position on the liquid being flocculated, another object of this 'invention is to devise the sediment-impelling devices so that they may also function to remove this floating scum. y

Further objects are to devise constructional details, and particularly of the sediment-raking elements and the skimming details.

With these, and possibly other objects in view,-

the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings which show the best embodiments of the invention, now known to me, although they are shown-and described for illustrative purposes, since the invention is not limited thereto.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a liquid clarifying apparatus provided with sediment scraping and scum skimming means having a uni-directional movement and traveling in a closed path embracing current-producing bladed the upper stretch of the traveling sediment scraping'and scum skimming means being broken away to illustrate more clearly the current-producing l bladed assemblies of the iiocculation zone.

. iisd supernatant liquid which, iiows over a Weir- Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a liquid clarifying apparatus provided with a reciprocable ltraveling sediment scraping means, the section being taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the liquid clarifying apparatus shown in Fig. 3, a portion ofl one of the current-producing bladed assemblies being broken away to show more clearly the reciprocable traveling sediment scraping means.

Fig. 5 is a central longitudinal sectional elevation ,of a liquid clarifying apparatus having current-producing bladed assemblies disposed longitudinally of the flocculation zone, the apparatus being broken away at the sedimentation zone for convenience of illustration.

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the line 6--8 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a liquid clarifying apparatus having reciprocable sediment scraping means traveling in a closed path encompassing substantially the flocculation zone and the sedimentation zone and equipped with an automatically operating scum skimming device. l

Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail sectional view of the scum skimming device.

Fig. 10 is a detail perspective view of a group of sediment scraping elements or members.

Fig. l1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the group of scraping elements shown in Fig. l0.

Fig. 12 is a detail perspective View of another form of sediment scraping element or member; and

Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of the scraping element or member-shown in Fig. l2.

Referring particularly to the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings IE designates the tank or basin of rectangular or oblong form composed of vertical side walls i6 and I1, vertical front and' rearend walls i8 and i9 and a horizontal bottom wall 2li provided at the front of the tank or basin with a sedimentation receiving sump 2i preferably located contiguous to the front wall i8 and extending entirely across the tank or basin and provided with a sediment or sludge discharge pipe 22 controlled by. a suitable valve (not shown) The front end wall i8 is provided at the upper portion with an influent inlet or feed pipe 23 which is located above the sedimentation receiving sump. The rear wall i9 oi' the tank or basin is provided with an outflow pipe 2Q for the clari- 25 of a transverse launder 25 with which the discharge pipe 2t communicates.

The tank or basin I5 is divided into a occu.

lation zone 21 and sedimentation zone 2E by a vertically disposed transversely arranged apertured partition 29 extending entirely across the tank or basin and downwardly from a point adjacent the upper edges of the side Walls 4i8 and i1 to a point adjacent the bottom of the tank or basin. The apertured or partial partition 29 terminates short of the bottom of the tank or basin to form a bottom passage 30 and provide a hydraulic communication between the iiocculation zone and the sedimentation zone at the bottom of the tank and also to enable sediment or sludge to be scraped from the bottom of the sedimentation zone and impelled along the. bottom of the ilocculation vzone to the sedimentation receiving sump 2i. The transverse partition 23 which denes the adjacent limits of the fiocculaton zone, is proalso establish hydraulic communication between the iiocculation zone and the sedimentation zone. The opposite limit of the sedimentation zone is defined by a verticalbailie or partition 32 extendvided in its lower portion with apertures. which ed entirely across the tank adjacent to` but spaced i lower edge 3d arranged at an angle and inclined i downwardly inthe direction of the front wall of the tank or basin, the purpose thereof being for stilling the iniiowing feed liquid. This well is disposed above the sediment sump 2| and directs the heavier solids directly thereto. The fiocculation zone 21 is divided into a plurality of compartments or areas of paddle-induced agitation 35 by a transverse partitionor baiile 38 extending downwardly from a point adjacent the top of the tank or basin to a point'approximately midway between the top and bottom of said tank or basin but the baille or partition 36 ymay be of any desired vertical dimension and one or more baiiles or partitions may be employed tov suit the dimensions of the occulation zone. In the form of the apparatus illustrated in Figs.4 l and 2 a current-producing bladed assembly is provided for each of the areas of .paddle-induced agitation but the number may of course be varied and each current-producing bladed assembly comprises spaced-transversely disposed blades or paddles 31 movable in repetitive paths centering from an axis. shown extending entirely across the occulation zone but they may be of any desired length, and they are connected with a shaft 38 by a plurality of arms 39 arranged at spacedpoints as clearly illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings. Theshaft 33 is journaled in suitable bearings of the vertical side walls and any suitable motivating means may be provided for rotating the current-producing bladed assemblies at the required speed for gently agitating the liquid within the occulation zone to Aeect coagmentation of suspended material into settleable ocs without liability of clisintegrating the iioc colonies and at the same time to cause integrated flocs or floc colonies to meander in the liquid of the sedimentation zone and entrap and adsorb other iine solids that may escape direct fiocculating treatment. The current-producing bladed assemblies move in the direction of the arrows in Fig. 1 of the drawings and the blades or paddles 31 move in the liquid within the compartments 35 and also through the liquid within the lower portion of the occulation zone below the compartments 35 and produce a gentle agitation and current flow from one compartment to the other and also cause the iioc laden liquid to drift from the flocculation zone into the sedimentation zone 28 with the ocs or iloc colonies conditioned. for settleability. Hydraulic communication between the occula- The paddles or blades 31 are y tion zone and the sedimentation zone is provided by the pertures Il of the partition and by terminating the partition short of the iloor. of the tank or basin and the apertured partition with the hydraulic communication thus formed enables the necessary agitation and current flow to be carried on within the iiocculation zone without affecting the quiescent condition of the liquid within the sedimentation zone necessary forthe settling of the settleable solids.

The quiescent condition of the liquid within the sedimentation zone causes the normally settleable solids and the iloc colonies conditions for settleability to settle upon the floor of the sedimentation zone from which the accumulated sediment is continually raked or scraped by traveling means having a uni-directional movement in a closed path encompassing the current-producing bladed assemblies. The traveling means comprises spacedendless belts or chains 40 arranged on and meshing with upper and lower front sprocket wheels 4I and 42, lower rear sprocket wheels 43 and upper intermediate sprocket wheels 44 mounted on4 upper and lower front transverse shafts 46 and 46, a lower rear transverse shaft 41 and an upper intermediate transverse shaft 48.

The endless belts or chains 40 are located adjacent the vertical side walls of the tank or basin and consist of a lower horizontal stretch or portion, a front vertical stretch or portion, a horizontal top stretch or portion and an inclined stretch or portion. The horizontal stretch or portion extends substantially the entire length of the tank along the bottom oi the same; the front vertical portion extends from the bottom to the top of the tank at the front portion of the iiocculation zone; the horizontal top stretch or portion extends over the fiocculation zone and the inclined stretch or portion passes through the sedimentation zone from the upper portion of the front end to the lower portion of the rear end as clearly illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings, The transverse shafts are journaled in suitable bearings of the vertical side walls of the tank ori basin and the endless belts or sprocket chains are equipped with transverse blades or flights 48 extending entirely across the tank or basin and suitably secured intermediate their longitudinal edges to links of the endless chains and projecting above and below the same and forming with the chains an endless sediment or sludge scraping and a scum skimming means. The traveling sediment or sludge raking and scum skimming means, traveling or reaching beneath and between the areas of paddle-induced agitation prevent accumulation of settled sludge or sediment of flocculated material on the floor and the tendency of the same to become septic with consequent upsetting of the flocculation and clarification processes. 'I'he traveling means having uni-directional movement `in a closed path embracing within it said bladed assemblies is alternately in submergence in the liquid Vin the tank and in emergence therefrom. The blades or Vflights continually rake or scrape accumulated sediment or sludge from the bottom of the tank or basin at the bottom of the sedimentation zone and`the iiocculation zone and impell the same to the sediment receiving sump and the blades or flights 48 after traveling along the bottom of the tank from the rear end of the same to the front end thereof as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1 of the drawings 'move upwardly at the front of the tank and horizontally in a rearward direction at the top of the tank over the iioccula- .treated or raw enters the tank or basinthrough* the influent inlet pipe 23 and is subjected to coagmentation in the flocculation zone causing ,amassment of the iloc nuclei into colonies of size and density that render them readily settleable lwith thenormaliy settleable solids and. at the same time the meandering of the floc colonies in the i liquid off the flocculation zone trap and absorb other fine solids that may escape direct fiocculating treatment. The iloc laden liquldis drifted from the flocculation zone into the sedimentation zone without disintegration ofy the fioc colonies which in the quiescent liquid of the sedimentation zone/settle with-the normally settleable solids iand are removed from the floor or bottom of the tank or basin and impelled to the sediment receiving sump. The scum skimmed by the blades or flights 49 may be removed from the tank `or basin by any suitable means and the supernatant liquid flows over the weir into the launder 26 and passes from the tank through the outlet or effluent discharge pipe 24. The

bladed or paddle assemblies 31, 33 and 39 have a tendency to cause the lighter particles of sludge that have settled on the bottom 20 to be swept up into suspension and circulation in the fiocculaess, whereas the heavier sediment remains in subsidence upon the bottom. The traveling flights 49 impel or convey sediment while in submergence from the sedimentation zone to the ilocculation zone so the liner or lighter particles of this also become subject to such sweeping upwardly into suspension and fiocculation that may be current or extant therein, At the same time the heavier particles thereof are yjoined with the heavier particules in the iiocculationzone and they are jointly pushed into the discharge sump 2l. In other words there is a roiling up of smaller or lighter solids in the occulation zone to resuspend them.

In Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings is illustrated a liquid ciarifying'apparatus in which the sedi' ment or sludge raking or impelling device is reciprocable and is equipped with a plurality of scraper bars or members 50 extending entirely across the bottom of the tank or basin 5| and connected adjacent their ends to cables 52 or other suitable flexible connections. These cables 52 extend longitudinally of the tank or basin at the bottom thereof and at opposite sides of the vsame and are arranged on and extend upwardly from grooves pulleys 53 and 54 of shafts 55 and '5B located at the front and rear ends of the tanks or basin and journaled in suitable bearings of the vertical side walls of said tank or basin which is of substantially the same construction as the tank or basin l5 heretofore described. The cables l2 extend upwardly from the lower pulleys 53 and 54 'to upper pulleys 51 and 58 located at the top of the tank or basin at the ends thereof and arranged in planesat right angles to the' planes of the lower pulleys I! and 54 for changing Ises Ation zone which lin turn aids the fiocculation proci the direction of the cables 62. The cables 62 are designed to be connected with suitable motivating means for yactuating the cables simultaneously iirst in one direction and then in the opposite direction for moving the groups of taper bars or members back and forth from one end of the tank or basin to the other for continually impellin'g the sludge or sediment of settled flocculated material on the floor of the tank or basin to the sediment receiving sump thereof.

I The scraper bars or elements E@ are substantially triangular in cross section and each presents a front vertical sediment or'sludge impelling face and upper and lower inclined faces and has a relatively sharp rear edge, the inclined faces and the sharp rear edge enabling the scraper bars or members to pass over or through accumulated sludge or sediment on the bottom of the tank or basin during the backward or return movement of the traveling sediment or 'sludge' raking means without impelling the sludge toward the rear end of the tank or basin. During the forward movement of the sediment or sludge raking or impelling means the scraper bars or members 50 present their front vertical faces to the sludge and positively impell the sludge or sediment to the sludge receiving sump 69 and the sludge discharge pipe 60 thereof. While a group of three of the scraper bars or members 50 is application to any particular construction for motivating the sediment or sludge raking or imd pelling devices detail illustration and description thereof are deemed unnecessary.

The tank or basin 5I is provided at the front with an influent inlet pipe 6l and at the rear end with an eilluent outflow pipe 62 extending from a launder 63 into which the supernatant liquid is decanted and which is provided with a Weir 64. 'I'he tank or basin is divided by a transversely disposed apertured or partial partition 65 into a flocculation zone or section 66 and a sedimentation zone or section 61 into which floc laden liquid is drifted through apertures 68 in the partition 65. The partition 65 extends from the top portion of the tank to within a short distance oi the bottom of the tank and the space between the lower edge of the partition 68 and the bottom of the tank is normally closed by a valve 69 consisting of a plate or blade hinged at its upper edge at 10 to the lower edge of the vertical partltion 68 and adapted to be swung from the full line position illustrated in Fig. 3 of the drawings to either of the dotted line positions shown in the said figure by the scraper bars or members 50 to permit the latter to pass beneath the partition 68 in traveling back and forth from one end of the tank or basin to the other.

The partition 65 defines-the adjacent limits of the occulation zone or section and the sedimentation zone or section which is provided at its rear end with a transverse baille or partition 1l spaced from the rear end Wall 12 of the tank or basin to provide a passage for the rear upwardly extending portions of the cables 52 and extending downwardly from the top portion of the tank or basin to about midway lthe top and bottom of the same, but the vertical dimension of the baille or partition 1| may be varied. The ilocculation zone or section is divided by transversely-disposed baffles or partitions 13 and 1t into areas or compartments 15 of paddle-induced agitation. 'I'he baille or partition 13 extends fdownwardly from the upper portion of the flocculation zone or section of the tank or basin to about midway between the top and bottom of the same and the other partition 14 which is slightly greater in its vertical dimension than the partition 13 is spaced from the end wall 5| of the tank or basin to provide a space or passage for the front upwardly 'extending portions of the cables 52. 'Ihis baille 16 corresponds to baille 32 of Fig. l especially as to function. Current-producing bladed assemblies 16 operate in the flocculation zone or section and are constructed substantially the same as those heretofore described and mov'e in repetitive paths about a central axis as indicated.v by the arrows -in Fig. 3 of the drawings. The operation oi the liquid clarifying apparatus shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is substantially the same as that lheretofore described and the floc laden liquid is drifted through the apertures 68 of the partition 65 from the ilocculation zone or section into the sedimentation zone or section. The hinged valve 69 at the lower end of the partition 65 is normally closed and contributes to the quiescent condition of the liquid within the sedimentation zone.

-The liquid clarifying apparatus illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings comprises a tank or basin 11 divided into a fiocculation zone or section 18 and a sedimentation zone or section 1S by a transversely disposed apertured or partial parition 80 extending downwardly from the upper portion of the tank or basin to within a short distance of the bottom 8| thereof and provided in its lower portion with apertures 82. The partition 80 terminates at its lower edge above and in spaced relation with the bottom 8l and the space between the bottom 8l of the tank or basin and the lower edge of the partition 88 and the apertures 82 thereof provide hydraulic communication between the flocculation zone and the sedimentation zone to permit lloc laden liquid to be drifted from the flocculation zone into the sedimentation zone. The partition 80 defines the adjacent limits of the ilocculation zone and the sedimentation zone and the other limit of the fiocculation zone is defined by a transverse partition or baffle 83 extending downwardly from the upper portion of the tank or basin to a point slightly below midway between the top and bottom thereof and spaced from the front wall 11 of the tank to provide a passage for the influent feed to the tank through the inuent inlet pipe 86 and the lower edge85 of the baille or partition 83 is preferably arranged at an inclination and v extends downwardly in the direction of the front wall of the tank or basin.

The bottom 8l of the tank is laterally inclined downwardly and inwardly from the side wallsy to the longitudinal center of the bottom, as

clearly shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, and thebasin.

' vating means are iournale'd bladed assemblies are shownv at each side of the flocculation zone in Figs. 5 and 6 the number may be varied to suit the dimensions of the tank or The longitudinal shafts 09 which may be rotated at the desired speed by any suitable motiin suitable bearings 9| mounted on transverse frame members 0| extending entirely across the tank or basin at the occulation zone thereof and located at the upper edge of the longitudinal partition 00 and preferably connected therewith. The transverse frame members which may consist of I-beams or any other suitable material are located centrally. ofthe upper edge of the longitudinal partition 05 and at thel ends of the same but any desired number of such frame members may/of course be employed.

The bladed assemblies, w ich are constructed substantially the same as the' bladed assemblies heretoforef described and which are movable inlrepetitive paths centering from an axis, consist of spaced longitudinally disposed blades or paddles 92 connected with the llongitudinal shafts 09 by arms 93 located at spaced points disposed centrally and at assembly, but any number of the arms 93 may D on transverse shafts |00, |0|, |02 and |03 be provided for supporting the current-producing blades or paddles 02 from the longitudinal shafts 0L Any suitable motivating means may be employed for rotating the longitudinal shafts foi' moving the bladed assemblies at the desired or required speed in the same direction as indicated by thearrows in Figure 6 of the drawings. The blades or paddles in moving in their repetitive paths are carried through the areas of Apaddleinduced agitation in the compartments 00 at the lower portion of the flocculation zone and also through the upper portion of the iiocculationv zone and yield integrated flocs conditioned for settleability and caused to meander through the liquid and trap and adsorb minute solids which might otherwise escape ilocculation. The openings 81 are relatively large to permit the fiocladen gently agitated liquid to pass through'the baffle or partition 85 from one compartment 80 into the other.

The fico-laden liquid drifts through the apertures 82 of the partition 80 and also through the space beneath the lower edge of the partition without disintegration of the fioc colonies and without disturbing the quiescent condition of the liquid in the sedimentation zone. The bladed assemblies as in the liquid clarifying apparatus illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings are encompassed by a combined sediment or sludge raking or impelling and scum skimming means traveling in a closed path and comprising endless belts or chains 94 arranged in pairs, the members of each pair being connected by transversely disposed blades or flights 95 arranged at intervals and connected intermediate their longitudinal edges to the chains or belts and projecting inwardly and voutwardly with respect to said chains or belts for scraping or raking from the floor of the tank or basin accumulation of settled sludge or sediment of settled ilocculated material and also for skimming the scum collecting on the surface of the liquid within the tank or basin. The endless sprocket chains are arranged on and mesh with upper and lower front sprocket wheels 96 and 91, lower rear sprocket wheels 90 and upper intermediate sprocket wheels 99. The sprocket wheels 96, 91, 98 and 99 are mounted which are journaled in suitable bearings in the vertical the terminal portions of thel side walls |04 of the tank or basin. The sludge or sediment raking and scum skimming means are located at opposit'e sides of the central longitudinal baille or partition 86 and each comprises a lower approximately horizontal stretch, a fro'nt vertical stretch, a horizontal top stretch extending over the ilocculation zone, and an inclined rear stretch which connects the upper and lower stretches of the sludge or sediment raking and scum skimming means and which is located within the sedimentation zone. The endless chains and the connecting flights form endless chain drags which travel in a closed path in the direction of the arrows in Figure 5 ofthe drawings andrake or scrape the sediment in one direction in the lower section ofv said path and move floating scum in another direction inthe upper section of said path. The bottom or oor of the tank or basin preferably has a slight inclination from the rear end of the tank or basin to the sediment receiving sump |05, which is located at the front end of the tank or basin. 4The sediment receiving sump extends transversely entirely across they tank or basin and is provided with a sediment discharge pipe |06. The supcrnatant liquid is decanted from the sedimentation kzone into a transverse launder |01 designed to be provided with a suitable weir and discharging through an efliuent outflow discharge pipe |08.

In Figures 7 to 9, inclusive, of the drawings, is

. illustrated a liquid clarifying apparatus having a reciprocable sludge or sediment scraping or raking and a scum skimming means |09 arranged within a basinor tank |0 and comprising spaced endless cables orn other suitable flexible con'- nections extending longitudinally of the tank or basin at the top and bottom thereof and vertically frorn the top to the bottom of the tank or basin at the front and rear ends of the same and embracing the flocculation zone |2 and the sedimentation zone ||3 ,of the tank or basin. The

' endless cables, which are located at opposite sides of the tank or basin, are arranged on lower front and rear grooved pulleys ||4 and ||5, front upper grooved pulleys ||6 and ||1 and rear grooved pulleys H0.' The front -upper grooved pulleys are arranged in pairs in planes at right angles to each other for changing the direction of the cables, which at the front of the tank or basin extend from the lower pulleys ||4 to the upper pulleys IIS and then to the upper pulleys from which the endless cables pass to the upper rear pulleys ||8. The grooved pulleys are arranged on suitable shafts or spindles, which may be mounted in any desired manner.

The lower stretches of the endless cables are suitably secured to a plurality of scraper bars or members ||9 approximately triangular in crossl section and, while shown arranged in a group of three in Figure '7 of the drawings, any desired number of scraper bars or members ||9 may be provided. The scraper bars or members I9 have horizontal lower faces, inclined upper faces and vertical front faces which are presented t'o the sludge or sediment on the floor |20 of the tank or basin. The at lower faces of the scraper bars or members rest upon the bottom or floor |20 of the tank or basin and said scraper bars or members ||9 are moved by the cables from the full line position at the rear end of the tank the dotted line position at the front end of the tank for scraping -or raking the sludge and imthe tank or basin and extending entirely across the same andrprovided with a sludge discharge pipe H. The forward movement of the raking or scra g blades or members is indicated by the full line arow in Figure 7 of the drawings. and the return movement is indicated by the arrow shown in dotted lines at the front end of Figure 7. As any suitable means may be employed for motivating the reciprocable sludge raking and scum skimming means, and as the particular means for reciprocating the ropes or cables does not constitute a portion of the present invention, detailed illustration and description oi such means are deemed unnecessary. VIn the return movement of the scraper bars or members H3, the relatively sharp rear edges formed by the inclined upper face and horizontal lower face of said bars or members H9 enable the bars or members H8 topass through or under sludge or sediment without moving the same towards the rear end oi the tank or basin.

A vertical transverse apertured partition |23 denes the adjacent limits of the occulation zone or section of the tank and the sedimentation zone or section o'i the tank. The partition |23 extends downwardly from the upper portion of the tank to within a short distance of the bottom of the-tank to provide a space or passageway |24 which, with the apertures |25 of the baille orv partition 23, provides hydraulic communication between the ilocculation zone andthe sedimentation zone and enables the, fiocladen liquid to be' drifted gently from the ilocculation zone into the sedimentation zone without disintegrating the oc colonies or materially affecting. the quiescent condition ofthe liquid within the sedimentation zone. The occulation zone ||2 is divided into compartments or areas |26 of paddle-induced agitation by vertical transverse bafiles or partitions |21 and |28 extending downwardly from the upper portion of the tank or basin and terminating short of the bottom of the same. The baille or partition |28 is spaced from the front wall |29 of the tank to provide a space or passage for the influent liquid fed to the tank f through an inuent inlet pipe |30. A scum receiving trough |3| is arranged at the upper edge of the baille orpartition |28, and ramps |32, |33 and |34 are provided at the trough |8| and the upper edges of the partitions or battles |21 and |23 to enable floating scum to be skimmed over the said baflies or partitions |21 and |23 and into the trough |3|. The ramps |32, |33 and i3d are inclined and extend downwardly and rearwardly from the upper edge of the rear side of the transverse scum receiving trough |3| and the upper edges of 'the baiiies or partitions |21 and |23.

The scum skimming device comprises. in its construction a carriage |35 extending across the top of the tank or basin and provided at opposite sides thereof with flanged wheels |36 arranged to run on rails |31 mounted upon the side walls |38 of the tank or basin. The flanged wheels, which are arranged in pairs, are mounted on suitable spindles or axles |39 carried by channel bars |40 constituting the ends of the carriage and connected by a transverse shaft |l| on which is mounted for pivotal movement an oscillatory shiftable scum skimming device |42. The channel bars |40 and the transverse shaft |4| constitute the framework oi the carriage, but the latter may be of any other desired construction, as will be readily understood. The scum skimming device |42 consists of a blade or skimming element |63 connected by arms |46 with a position.

sleeve |65 mounted on the shaft |45 for limited rotary movement to enable the skimming device to be shifted from the inoperative position illustrated in full lines in Figure 9 of the drawings to operative position shown in dotted lines in Figure 5 9. When the scum skimming device is in the operative position illustrated in dotted lines in Figures 7 and 9, it is moved by the endless cables from the rear end of the tank to the front end thereof to a position above the scum receiving'10 trough |3| and the ramp thereof, and the scum which collects on the surface of the liquid within the tank is skimmed off into the trough. The scum skimming blade or member |48 is arranged at right 'angles to the arms |64 and when in op- 15. erative position extends slightly below the surface of the liquid within the tank and is adapted to .ride over the ramps |32, |33 and |32, which prevent the baffles or partitions |23 and |21 and the j trough |3| from interfering with the forward/20 skimming movement of the skimming device. When the scum skimming device reaches or nearly reaches the limit of its forward movement, it is automatically operated by the means hereinafter described for lifting it from its' operative position to an inoperative position, and it is maintained in either of such positions by adjustable weights |66 mounted on arms |61 rigid with and extending upwardly from the sleeve and adapted to be swung to either side of a vertical 30 l The weights I 45, which are slidably mounted on 'the upwardly extending arms |41, are secured to the same in their adjustment by clamping screws |68 or other suitable means.

The sleeve |65 is provided at its ends with tappet arms M9 located at opposite sides of the tank or basin and operating between and having its movement limited by spaced lugs |50 depending from the end bars |60 of the carriage and extending inwardly beyond the inner faces of the side walls |38 of the tank or basin. The skimming device is automatically shifted to move it from its operative to its inoperative position and from its inoperative position to operative position by abutments |5| and |52 consisting ofprojecting stop pins extending from' the inner faces'of the side Walls |38 of the tank or basin and arranged in the path of movement of the tappet arms M9 and adapted when the scum skimming device reaches the forward limit of its effective skimming movement to be engaged by the tappet arms to shift the scum skimming device to an inoperative position, as illustrated in full lines in Figure 7 of the drawings. When the scum skimming device approaches or .reaches the limit of its= return or backward movement, the tappet arms are carried into contact with the projecting pins or abutment members |52 as illustrated in Figure 9 of the drawings, and the continued backward movement of the carriage will swing the scum skimming device in the direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 9 of the drawings to lower the skimming blade or member |53 from its elevated inoperative position to its lowered operative position. 65

The supernatant liquid isdecanted from the sedimentation zone into a transverse launder |53 extending across the rear end wall |5|i of the tank or basin and having an outflow pipe |55 for the discharge of the 1 claried eiiuent. The launder |53is provided with a weir |56,and a scum retaining guard |51 extends across the rear end of the tank or basin at the upper portion thereof and projects above the surface of the liquid within the sedimentation zone to prevent any other Z5 Asus scum oating on the surface of the liquid being" agried with the clarified emuent into the launder In Figures 10 and 11 of the drawings is illustrated a group of scraper bars or elements |56 substantially triangular in cross section and each having a fiat horizontal lower face |59 and a plane vertical front face |60 and an inclined upper face I 6| which, with the horizontal lower face,

forms a relatively sharp rearl edge |62. The group of sludge or sediment raking or scraping bars or members form a raking or scraping unit which may consist of any preferred number of bars or members |6|, which as illustrated in Figure 10 may be connected by pivots |63 with relatively long links |64 or with short links |65, as shown in Figure 11 of the drawings. Instead of employing a sludge raking or scraping unit composed of a plurality of bars or members |68, a raking unit |66 may be employed, consisting of a single element of a size corresponding to the dimensions of the raking or scraping unit formed by the plurality of bars or members |68. When the raking or scraping unit is composed of a single member, it is preferably provided adjacent its front end at each side with a lug or ear |61 located in a recess |68 and having an opening |69 to enable the ends |10 of the cable to be readily connected to` the raking or scraping unit |66 which is of the same form as the smaller raking or scraping bars or members |68.

I claim:

1. Liquid clarifying apparatus comprising a tank having a bottom, a feed liquid inlet, a occulation zone therein, having in said zone a plurality of current producing bladed assemblies movable in repetitive paths centering from an axis, and a sediment discharge adjacent said ilocculation zone; a settler in which suspended solids settle in quiescence to form sediment and to which occulated liquid may pass from said zone, and positively operated sediment impelling, means designed and effective to impel sediment from said sedimentation zone to said occulation zone and from the latter to said discharge. Y

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 with the addition of a baiiie adjacent said feed inlet for stilling the incoming feed, and wherein said sediment discharge is disposed thereunder.

3. Liquid clarifying. apparatus comprising a tank having a iiocculation zone and a sedimentation zone, a partial partition dening the adjacent limits of said zones but past which iiocculated liquid can drift to said sedimentation zone, a feed of incoming liquid, a plurality of current producing bladed assemblies in said ilocculation zone movable in repetitive paths centering from an axis, a clarified emuent overflow, a sediment discharge. and common traveling means reaching operatively into said zones on each side of said partition for impelling to said discharge sediment from both zones.

4. The process of liquid clarification which comprises subjecting liquid to be treated successively to ilocculation in one zone and sedimentation of solids in a horizontally `juxtaposed zone. conveying the sediment from said horizontally juxtaposed sedimentation zone in contact with the body of liquid being treated, in a substantially horizontal direction along a bottom common to both zones back into the iiocculation zone to be exposed to flocculation forces current in that zone and effective upon a lighter fraction of the sediment, to roll it into re-suspension, and discharging sediment from the fiocculation zone at a point spaced from the sedimentation zone.

5. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which said sediment impelling means travels in a closed path in a vertical plane that embraces within it said bladed assemblies.

6. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which said sediment impelling means for a sludge scraping device movable in forward direction for impelling sediment to the sediment discharge and movable in the opposite or rearward direction substantially without impelling .the sediment along the tank bottom, which device comprises a sludge engaging element having a horizontally extending sharp edged portion adaped to be closely adjacent to the tank bottom, which sludge engaging element is movable along the tank bottom in a reciprocating fashion and defined by a front face designed for impelling sludge to the sediment discharge when moved in forward direction, and furthermore deiined by a trailing or rearwardly, downwardly sloping substantially plane face, extending from the top edge portion of said front face and terminating in said sharp edged portion, said sharp edged portion in con- Junction with said' rearwardly sloping plane face being capable of cutting underneath any sedi-l ment during the rearward movement of said sludge engaging element.

'1. Liquid clarifying apparatus, comprising a tank having two compartments o f which one is a occulation zone and the other is a sedimenta' tion zone in which latter suspended solids settle in quiescence to form sediment and to which fioc-v culated liquid passes from the ilocculationzone, an incoming liquid feed for the iiocculation zone. a longitudinally disposed apertured partition in the ilocculation zone, a plurality of longitudinally disposed current-producing bladed assemblies in the flocculation zone at opposite sides of the longitudinal partition, each assembly being movable in repetitive paths centering from an axis and adapted for yielding integrated flocs conditioned for settleability, a clarified emuent outlet for the sedimentation zone, a sediment discharge, and traveling means in said tank at opposite sides oi the apertured partition for impelling to said discharge sediment from both of said zones.

8. Liquid clarifying apparatus comprising a tank having a bottom, a feed liquid inlet, asediment discharge, and a flocculation zone therein,

Naas-B. LUND. 

